www.capacitors.com/pickcap/pickcap.htm, From the page:<BR>From time to time we hear references to distortion and other nonlinear effects produced by passive circuit components, such as capacitors, used in audio circuits. However, only on rare occasion can anything be found in written form which attempts to quantify or otherwise document capacitor problems, particularly as they specifically relate to audio. Yet, distortions are produced by a wide variety of basic capacitor types, and in some cases forms of this distortion are rather easily measurable. Why there hasn't been more written on this topic is truly a good question, as in many instances the audible defects produced by capacitors can easily be the Achilles' heel of a given design. If this were not a truism, why else would there be so many audiophile modifications consisting essentially of capacitor upgrades only? The implications of this will be apparent when this article is fully appreciated.<br>While there has been no detailed overview or discussion of these problems in print, two articles are noteworthy, because they do in fact address this specific topic. In [1], Dave Hadaway gave a summary of relative quality rankings for capacitor types. More recently, John Curl [2] discussed some measured results for two capacitor types. Dick Marsh [3,4,5] has been specific in cautions against certain types, in several Audio Amateur letters.<br>What we hope to do in this article is cover capacitor basics, means of testing for impedance and distortion, and summarize with some selection criteria which will optimize sound quality. We will begin by discussing some simple (but deceiving, really) distortion tests. A summary of key capacitor performance defining terms is given in the sidebar entitled Capacitor Basics.

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